记录一个小坑——用Docker部署PostgreSQL 18 出现无法启动的现象
错误背景
第一次接触PostgreSQL这个数据库，打算用Docker Compose来启动PostgreSQL，安装的版本为PostgreSQL18
新建了一个.env文件来放环境变量
POSTGRES_USER=admin
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=admin123
POSTGRES_DB=exampledb
POSTGRES_PORT=5432
再新建一个docker-compose.yml文件来写配置
version: '3.8'
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:18
container_name: postgres18
restart: always
env_file:
- .env
ports:
- "${POSTGRES_PORT}:5432"
volumes:
- ./pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- ./log:/var/log/postgresql
networks:
- postgres_net
networks:
postgres_net:
driver: bridge执行docker-compose up -d后就一直出现Restarting
查看日志后发现
Error: in 18+, these Docker images are configured to store database data in a
format which is compatible with "pg_ctlcluster" (specifically, using
major-version-specific directory names). This better reflects how
PostgreSQL itself works, and how upgrades are to be performed.
See also https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/pull/1259
Counter to that, there appears to be PostgreSQL data in:
/var/lib/postgresql/data
This is usually the result of upgrading the Docker image without
upgrading the underlying database using "pg_upgrade" (which requires both
versions).
The suggested container configuration for 18+ is to place a single mount
at /var/lib/postgresql which will then place PostgreSQL data in a
subdirectory, allowing usage of "pg_upgrade --link" without mount point
boundary issues.
See https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/37 for a (long)
discussion around this process, and suggestions for how to do so.
我去查了一下这是什么错误，结果发现这看起来是PostgreSQL 17 升级到PostgreSQL 18 时候会发生的错误，这就很奇怪了，明明我是新装的数据库，怎么要升级了？
错误原因
简单来说就是PostgreSQL 18+ 版本的Docker镜像期望你将一个单独的卷挂载到容器的 /var/lib/postgresql 目录，而不是像之前那样挂载到其内部的子目录 /var/lib/postgresql/data。这样做是为了兼容pg_ctlcluster和方便未来升级。
先删除pgdata文件夹再修改docker-compose.yml文件
version: '3.8'
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:18
container_name: postgres18
restart: always
env_file:
- .env
ports:
- "${POSTGRES_PORT}:5432"
volumes:
- ./pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql
- ./log:/var/log/postgresql
networks:
- postgres_net
networks:
postgres_net:
driver: bridge再执行docker-compose up -d就可以了
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